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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="FUNCTIONS-AGGREGATE"
>9.18. Aggregate Functions</A
></H1
><P
>   <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Aggregate functions</I
> compute a single result
   from a set of input values.  The built-in aggregate functions
   are listed in
   <A
HREF="functions-aggregate.html#FUNCTIONS-AGGREGATE-TABLE"
>Table 9-42</A
> and
   <A
HREF="functions-aggregate.html#FUNCTIONS-AGGREGATE-STATISTICS-TABLE"
>Table 9-43</A
>.
   The special syntax considerations for aggregate
   functions are explained in <A
HREF="sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES"
>Section 4.2.7</A
>.
   Consult <A
HREF="tutorial-agg.html"
>Section 2.7</A
> for additional introductory
   information.
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="FUNCTIONS-AGGREGATE-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 9-42. General-Purpose Aggregate Functions</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Function</TH
><TH
>Argument Type(s)</TH
><TH
>Return Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_agg(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       any
      </TD
><TD
>       array of the argument type
      </TD
><TD
>input values, including nulls, concatenated into an array</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>avg(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>real</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double
       precision</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>interval</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
> for any integer-type argument,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
> for a floating-point argument,
       otherwise the same as the argument data type
      </TD
><TD
>the average (arithmetic mean) of all input values</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bit_and(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, or
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bit</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>        same as argument data type
      </TD
><TD
>the bitwise AND of all non-null input values, or null if none</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bit_or(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, or
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bit</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>        same as argument data type
      </TD
><TD
>the bitwise OR of all non-null input values, or null if none</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bool_and(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>true if all input values are true, otherwise false</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bool_or(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>true if at least one input value is true, otherwise false</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>count(*)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>number of input rows</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>count(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
></TD
><TD
>any</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
>       number of input rows for which the value of <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
> is not null
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>every(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>equivalent to <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bool_and</CODE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>max(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>any array, numeric, string, or date/time type</TD
><TD
>same as argument type</TD
><TD
>       maximum value of <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
> across all input
       values
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>min(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>any array, numeric, string, or date/time type</TD
><TD
>same as argument type</TD
><TD
>       minimum value of <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
> across all input
       values
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>         string_agg(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>,
                    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>delimiter</I
></TT
>)
       </CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>input values concatenated into a string, separated by delimiter</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>real</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double
       precision</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>, or
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>interval</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
> for <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
> or
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
> arguments, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
> for
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
> arguments, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
       for floating-point arguments, otherwise the same as the
       argument data type
      </TD
><TD
>sum of <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
> across all input values</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>xmlagg(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>xml</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>xml</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>concatenation of XML values (see also <A
HREF="functions-xml.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-XMLAGG"
>Section 9.14.1.7</A
>)</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>   It should be noted that except for <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>count</CODE
>,
   these functions return a null value when no rows are selected.  In
   particular, <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>sum</CODE
> of no rows returns null, not
   zero as one might expect, and <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_agg</CODE
>
   returns null rather than an empty array when there are no input
   rows.  The <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>coalesce</CODE
> function can be used to
   substitute zero or an empty array for null when necessary.
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>      Boolean aggregates <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bool_and</CODE
> and
      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bool_or</CODE
> correspond to standard SQL aggregates
      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>every</CODE
> and <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>any</CODE
> or
      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>some</CODE
>.
      As for <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>any</CODE
> and <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>some</CODE
>,
      it seems that there is an ambiguity built into the standard syntax:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>SELECT b1 = ANY((SELECT b2 FROM t2 ...)) FROM t1 ...;</PRE
><P>
      Here <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>ANY</CODE
> can be considered either as introducing
      a subquery, or as being an aggregate function, if the subquery
      returns one row with a Boolean value.
      Thus the standard name cannot be given to these aggregates.
    </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>    Users accustomed to working with other SQL database management
    systems might be disappointed by the performance of the
    <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>count</CODE
> aggregate when it is applied to the
    entire table. A query like:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>SELECT count(*) FROM sometable;</PRE
><P>
    will be executed by <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> using a
    sequential scan of the entire table.
   </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><P
>   The aggregate functions <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_agg</CODE
>,
   <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>string_agg</CODE
>,
   and <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>xmlagg</CODE
>, as well as similar user-defined
   aggregate functions, produce meaningfully different result values
   depending on the order of the input values.  This ordering is
   unspecified by default, but can be controlled by writing an
   <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ORDER BY</TT
> clause within the aggregate call, as shown in
   <A
HREF="sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES"
>Section 4.2.7</A
>.
   Alternatively, supplying the input values from a sorted subquery
   will usually work.  For example:

</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>SELECT xmlagg(x) FROM (SELECT x FROM test ORDER BY y DESC) AS tab;</PRE
><P>

   But this syntax is not allowed in the SQL standard, and is
   not portable to other database systems.
  </P
><P
>   <A
HREF="functions-aggregate.html#FUNCTIONS-AGGREGATE-STATISTICS-TABLE"
>Table 9-43</A
> shows
   aggregate functions typically used in statistical analysis.
   (These are separated out merely to avoid cluttering the listing
   of more-commonly-used aggregates.)  Where the description mentions
   <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
>, it means the
   number of input rows for which all the input expressions are non-null.
   In all cases, null is returned if the computation is meaningless,
   for example when <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
> is zero.
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="FUNCTIONS-AGGREGATE-STATISTICS-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 9-43. Aggregate Functions for Statistics</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Function</TH
><TH
>Argument Type</TH
><TH
>Return Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>corr(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>correlation coefficient</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>covar_pop(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>population covariance</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>covar_samp(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>sample covariance</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_avgx(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>average of the independent variable
      (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)/<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
></TT
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_avgy(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>average of the dependent variable
      (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>)/<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
></TT
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_count(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>number of input rows in which both expressions are nonnull</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_intercept(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>y-intercept of the least-squares-fit linear equation
      determined by the (<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>) pairs</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_r2(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>square of the correlation coefficient</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_slope(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>slope of the least-squares-fit linear equation determined
      by the (<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>,
      <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>) pairs</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_sxx(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>^2) - sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)^2/<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
></TT
> (<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"sum of
      squares"</SPAN
> of the independent variable)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_sxy(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>*<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>) - sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>) * sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>)/<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
></TT
> (<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"sum of
      products"</SPAN
> of independent times dependent
      variable)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>regr_syy(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>X</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>^2) - sum(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Y</I
></TT
>)^2/<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
></TT
> (<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"sum of
      squares"</SPAN
> of the dependent variable)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>stddev(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>real</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double
       precision</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
> for floating-point arguments,
       otherwise <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>historical alias for <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>stddev_samp</CODE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>stddev_pop(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>real</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double
       precision</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
> for floating-point arguments,
       otherwise <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>population standard deviation of the input values</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>stddev_samp(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)</CODE
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>real</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double
       precision</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
> for floating-point arguments,
       otherwise <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>sample standard deviation of the input values</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>variance</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>real</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double
       precision</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
> for floating-point arguments,
       otherwise <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>historical alias for <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>var_samp</CODE
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>var_pop</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>real</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double
       precision</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
> for floating-point arguments,
       otherwise <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>population variance of the input values (square of the population standard deviation)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>       
       
       <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>var_samp</CODE
>(<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>expression</I
></TT
>)
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>smallint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int</TT
>,
       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>real</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double
       precision</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>       <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
> for floating-point arguments,
       otherwise <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>numeric</TT
>
      </TD
><TD
>sample variance of the input values (square of the sample standard deviation)</TD
></TR
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